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Sunday, October 15, 2017

The Early Oxford Press by Falconer Madan | PDF

The Early Oxford Press by Falconer Madan
The Early Oxford Press 
By 
Falconer Madan
The  present  work  was  under taken  early  in  1889,  and  is  an  attempt  to describe  in  detail  the  products  and  working  of  the  Oxford  Press  in  its early  days.  Though  eclipsed  by  the  glories  of  the  later  University Press,  the  first  period,  included  in  this  book,  has  a  natural  importance of  its  own.  The  Fifteenth  and  early  Sixteenth  Century  presses [1] are necessarily of interest, and when printing became firmly established in 1585  it  began  to  reflect  faithfully  the  current  tendencies  of  thought and  study  in  the  University .  Theology  is  predominant,  animated  on  its controversial  side  with  fierce  opposition  to  the  Church  of  Rome,  but the  quieter  fields  of  classical  work  are  well  represented,  and  side  by side  is  seen  an  increasing  study  of  English  literature.  Of  lighter  books there are few , and of chapbooks perhaps only one (1603, no. 5). The  most  important  works  produced  at  Oxford  between  1585  and 1640  were  Richard  de  Bury’ s  Philobiblon  (1599),  Wycliff ’ s  treatises (1608),  capt.  John  Smith’ s Map  of V irginia  (1612), Burton’ s Anatomy of  Melancholy  (1621,  &c.),  Field  on  the  Church  (1628,  &c.),  Sandys’ translations  of  Ovid’ s  Metamorphoses  (1633),  the  University  Statutes (1634),  Chaucer ’ s  Troilus  and  Cressida  in  English  and  Latin  (1635), Chillingworth’ s  Religion  of  Protestants  (1638),  and  Bacon’ s Advancement  and  Proficience  of  Learning,  in  English  (1640:  see frontispiece).  There  are  of  course  many  books  on  logic,  philosophy and  the  like,  intended  for  the  University  curriculum,  and  many collections  of  the  rhetorical  poems  by  which  the  University  was expected  to  condole  or  rejoice  with  every  change  in  the  royal  estate. 180 pages of mechanical grief  at Elizabeth’ s death  in 1603  are  at once followed  by  200  pages  of  equally  mechanical  congratulations  to James  I:  and  the  metrical  tears  dropped  in  turn  on  the  grave  of  the latter  monarch  in  March  1625,  are  in  May  succeeded  with  indecorous haste  by  songs  of  joy  on  the marriage  of  his  successor .  Some  volumes of  English  poems  and  plays  occur ,  by  Skelton,  Nicholas  Breton, Churchyard,  Fitz-Geffrey ,  Randolph,  Cartwright,  Fletcher ,  and  others, and a few still lighter pieces, such as a Masque at Richmond, partly in Wiltshire dialect, and “Bushell’ s Rock,” both in 1636. There are traces of  the  study  of  Spanish,  French  and  W elsh,  as  well  as  of  Latin  and Greek;  and  an  attempt  to  introduce  phonetic  writing  and  spelling  was made  by  Charles  Butler  in  1633  and  1634.  Even  theological  disputes are lightened by the solemn account of certain Jesuits in the East, who dressed  up  a  carcase  as  that  of  a  queen  recently  deceased,  obtained much  glory  from  the  miracles  it  wrought,  until  the  real  corpse  arrived and  the  priests  vacated  the  vicinity  (1633,  Gregorius).  There  is something surprising in Oxford being chosen as the printing-place of a book  to persuade mothers  to nurse  their own  children  (1622, Clinton); and  an  episcopal  alchemist  is  not  often  to  be  met  with  in  real  life (1621,  Thornborough).  It  is  less  to  be  wondered  at  that  a  college which  had  leased  land  to  Queen  Elizabeth  for  a  quiet  five  thousand years,  should  try  to  be  relieved  of  its  agreement  within  fifty  (1623, Oxford)

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